Beta Israel: History, Origins and the Connection to King Solomon

Who Are Beta Israel?

"Beta Israel" means "House of Israel" — the name Ethiopian Jews gave themselves. They are also called "Falasha" (considered pejorative) and "Ethiopian Jews."

Theories of Origin

King Solomon theory: According to Beta Israel tradition, they are descendants of Menelik I — son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. Tribe of Dan theory: Some scholars argue they descend from the tribe of Dan that reached Ethiopia during the Diaspora. Genetic evidence: DNA studies show affinity with Middle Eastern Jews alongside African admixture.

Modern History

1950: Rabbi Ovadia Yosef recognises Beta Israel's Judaism. 1973: Rabbi Shlomo Goren formally confirms. 1975: Israel grants Law of Return rights. 1984-91: Operations Moses & Solomon. 1999-2023: Further aliyah waves.

Today

~165,000 Ethiopian-origin Jews live in Israel (2025). The second generation actively seeks connection to their heritage.

🌐 ethiopianjhc.org.il | iaej.co.il